Laparoscopic Gallbladder Surgery

Why the gallbladder is removed

The gallbladder is a small organ under the liver that stores bile. Gallstones can form in it and cause pain after meals, inflammation (cholecystitis), or complications when a stone moves into the bile duct or irritates the pancreas. When symptoms or complications occur, surgeons often recommend removing the gallbladder rather than only the stones, because stones tend to recur.

Not every gallstone needs surgery. Stones found by chance without symptoms are sometimes simply monitored. Your doctor will explain what applies in your case.

How the operation is done

1. General anaesthesia is given.
2. Usually three or four small cuts are made in the upper abdomen.
3. Gas creates space, and a camera provides the view.
4. The gallbladder is separated from the liver, its duct and artery are sealed, and it is removed through one of the small cuts.
5. Imaging of the bile duct may be performed during surgery if needed, and a drain is occasionally left in place.

If inflammation, scarring or unclear anatomy makes keyhole surgery unsafe, the surgeon may convert to open surgery. This decision is made to protect the bile duct and other structures.

Recovery in general terms

• Many people go home the same day or after one night, though inflamed or complicated cases may need longer.
• Soreness at the wounds and shoulder-tip pain from the gas are common at first.
• Diet advice varies. Some people notice looser stools or discomfort after fatty meals for a while; this often settles.
• Light activity is usually encouraged early; lifting, driving and returning to work depend on your job and your surgeon's advice.

Risks to discuss with your surgeon

Alongside the general risks of laparoscopy and anaesthesia described on our risks page, gallbladder surgery carries specific risks including bile leak, injury to the bile duct, bleeding, infection, retained stones in the bile duct, and the possibility of conversion to open surgery. Your surgeon can explain how likely these are in your particular situation.

Warning signs after going home

Contact your surgical team or seek urgent care if you develop fever, worsening abdominal pain, yellowing of the eyes or skin, persistent vomiting, a swollen or red wound with discharge, or breathing difficulty. See the patient guide for a fuller list.

Cost factors for this operation are covered on the laparoscopy cost page.